BACKGROUND, CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS. Introduction ; Origins and Concept of Social Area Classification -- Public Policy Prospects of Small Area Classifications for Developing Countries ; Reasons for Slow Proliferation of Area Classifications across Developing Countries -- UNDERLYING TECHNIQUES AND DEPLOYMENT APPROACHES. Building Blocks: Spatial Data Preparation ; Machine Learning Methods for Building Small Area Classifications ; Visualizing Small Area Geodemographics Data and Information Products -- ILLUSTRATIVE APPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION. The Grouping of Nigerian Local Government Areas ; Combining Continuous and Categorical Data to Segment Philippines Barangays ; Modeling Temporal Distribution and Seasonality of Infectious Diseases with Area Classifications ; Segmenting Gender Gaps in Levels of Educational Attainment ; Conclusion
Since the emergence of contemporary area classifications, population geography has witnessed a renaissance in the area of policy related spatial analysis. Area classifications subsume geodemographic systems which often use data mining techniques and machine learning algorithms to simplify large and complex bodies of information about people and the places in which they live, work and undertake other social activities. Outputs developed from the grouping of small geographical areas on the basis of multi- dimensional data have proved beneficial particularly for decision-making in the commercial sectors of a vast number of countries in the northern hemisphere. This book argues that small area classifications offer countries in the Global South a distinct opportunity to address human population policy related challenges in novel ways using area-based initiatives and evidence-based methods. This book exposes researchers, practitioners, and students to small area segmentation techniques for understanding, interpreting, and visualizing the configuration, dynamics, and correlates of development policy challenges at small spatial scales. It presents strategic and operational responses to these challenges in cost effective ways. Using two developing countries as case studies, the book connects new transdisciplinary ways of thinking about social and spatial inequalities from a scientific perspective with GIS and Data Science. This offers all stakeholders a framework for engaging in practical dialogue on development policy within urban and rural settings, based on real-world examples.-- Publisher's description
