MARC 主機 00000nam a2200397 4500
001 AAI3690402
005 20150917133332.5
008 150917s2014 ||||||||s|||||||| ||eng d
020 9781321584561
035 (MiAaPQ)AAI3690402
040 MiAaPQ|cMiAaPQ
100 1 Zambon, Joseph Brendan
245 10 Air-Sea Interaction During Landfalling Tropical and Extra-
Tropical Cyclones
300 203 p
500 Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 76-
07(E), Section: B
500 Adviser: Ruoying He
502 Thesis (Ph.D.)--North Carolina State University, 2014
506 This item must not be sold to any third party vendors
520 Tropical and extra-tropical cyclones represent large,
discrete events that result in drastic changes to the
coastal shoreline, displacement of persons, damage to
property and infrastructure, and deaths each year. The
ability to accurately predict these events can provide
advanced warnings and dramatically reduce their impacts.
Several numerical models have been developed over the past
30 years that accurately model the individual
environmental conditions in which these storms develop and
thrive. However, these cyclones are dependent not only on
the individual environmental conditions but also the
interactions and feedbacks between them. Improvement to
the prediction of tropical and extra-tropical cyclones, as
well as the ocean environment in which they exist, is
sought through development and implementation of a coupled
modeling system, known as the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-
Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) model
520 In the first chapter, motivation and literature review is
presented with the aim of demonstrating the importance of
accurate prediction of the ocean, atmosphere, and wave
environmental conditions in tropical and extra-tropical
cyclone hindcast and forecast. Several analytical and
numerical studies are researched in order to provide
sufficient background into the problem, provide motivation
into developing a coupled numerical model, and explain
previous coupled numerical studies. Based on the existing
state of knowledge, it is hypothesized that coupled
modeling systems will provide improvement to the
prediction of hurricane intensity, environmental states of
surface waves and sea surface temperature, and atmospheric
impact from precipitation distribution. This is
demonstrated with 3 different tests of Hurricanes Ivan
(2004), Sandy (2012), and Irene (2011)
520 In the second chapter, Hurricane Ivan (2004) is used as a
test case for multiple uncoupled and coupled experiments
into a model hindcast of the event. The methods of model
coupling are presented with configurations of the
uncoupled and coupled models detailed. Comparisons of
simulated track, and intensity are evaluated,
demonstrating improvement in prediction of the tropical
cyclone intensity through coupling. The ocean and wave
environments are also examined, with remote and in situ
observations employed to show improvement with coupled
applications. A heat budget is computed, based on the
dynamics of the ocean model, drawing comparison to
previous case studies cited in the first chapter that show
the heat flux to the atmosphere is limited by the depth of
the surface mixed layer with the ocean heat loss due to
diffusion in shallower water and advection in deeper
locations
520 In the third chapter, Hurricane and Post-Tropical storm
Sandy (2012) is demonstrated as a test case in order to
examine coupling impacts on a storm undergoing
extratropical transition. As in the Ivan case,
verification data of track and intensity are used and a
strength comparison is added. An examination of the
environmental variables immediately prior to landfall is
conducted in order to determine the relative importance of
ocean coupling during extratropical transition. It is
identified that in contrast to Ivan, coupling did not
provide an increase in predictability of TC intensity,
most likely due to the speed of the storm. But the
coupling was significant to provide accurate wave
simulations
520 In the fourth chapter, Hurricane Irene (2011) is used as
the experimental case. In this section, we demonstrate
model performance through forecast (rather than hindcast)
in predicting Irene's two impacts along the United States
east coast. As in previous chapters, comparisons to
strength and intensity will be performed. With Irene, the
emphasis is shifted towards precipitation impacts, before,
during, and after landfall. Precipitation analysis will be
conducted using remotely observed variables of
precipitation rate and intensity. Precipitation flux into
the ocean will be examined in order to determine the
impact on a salinity budget in the upper-ocean. Salinity
cross-sections show the precipitation signature as the
storm moves along the coast, which rapidly disappears
under heavy wind. As in previous cases, comparison to
ocean and wave environments is completed using multiple in
situ data sources of 10 m wind, SLP, SST, and significant
wave height
520 The final chapter serves to review the discussions of the
previous chapters and seeks to provide a platform for
future research. The utility of coupled numerical modeling
is reiterated and the success of the study highlighted
that showed coupling to the ocean was significant in
regions of high heat content and deep mixed layer depth
but coupling to a wave model was more important for faster
moving TCs. Prediction of rainfall was improved when
coupling to an ocean model versus without coupling.
Significant improvement of the initial condition in
hindcast and forecast will be sought in future research.
In addition, several questions remain in improving and
examining the coupled numerical solution of a tropical
cyclone. Some of these questions require datasets that
examine air-sea interactions in environments of intense
TCs where minimal data currently exists. In addition,
existing parameterizations have not been thoroughly tested
in extreme wind regimes
590 School code: 0155
650 4 Physical oceanography
650 4 Meteorology
690 0415
690 0557
710 2 North Carolina State University.|bMarine, Earth and
Atmospheric Sciences
773 0 |tDissertation Abstracts International|g76-07B(E)
856 40 |uhttps://pqdd.sinica.edu.tw/twdaoapp/servlet/
advanced?query=3690402
912 PQDT
